Evidence of the Missing Baryons from the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect in Planck Data.

We estimate the amount of the missing baryons detected by the Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background in the direction of central galaxies (CGs) identified in the Sloan galaxy survey. The peculiar motion of the gas inside and around the CGs unveils values of the Thomson optical depth τ(T) in the range 0.2-2×10(-4), indicating that the regions probed around CGs contain roughly half of the total amount of baryons in the Universe at the epoch where the CGs are found. If baryons follow dark matter, the measured τ(T)'s are compatible with the detection of all of the baryons existing inside and around the CGs.